
Estimate pore pressure from well logs using the Eaton method
This app calculates and visualizes pore pressure from compressional slowness (DT) using the Eaton method. It identifies shale intervals from a Gamma Ray log (with optional additional filtering), computes a normal compaction trend (NCT), and estimates pore pressure from deviations relative to that trend. Optional calibration points can be used to anchor the results to measured pressures. The app generates log-based plots of DT, pressure, and pressure gradient to support interpretation of overpressure development.
Input data:
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CSV file containing depth and log curves:
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Required curves:
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Depth: True vertical depth (TVD) used as reference for all calculations.
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DT (compressional slowness): Primary input used in the Eaton model to estimate pore pressure.
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Gamma Ray (GR): Used to identify shale intervals for compaction trend estimation.
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Format: The first row must contain the column (log) names. Columns can be in any order; the user selects the corresponding logs within the app. Click here to download a test data set.
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- Optional curves:
- Additional curve that can be used to further constrain shale selection. The shale definition becomes a combination of GR and the selected log condition.
- Calibration gradient: Optional gradient curve that can be displayed in the gradient track for comparison with modeled results.
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Eaton pressure model:
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Exponent n: Controls sensitivity of pore pressure to deviations from the compaction trend. Typical values range from 2 to 4.
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Overburden pressure gradient (Sv): Used to compute pressure from depth. Default values are around ~1.0 psi/ft. The app does not require a specific unit system, but all inputs must be internally consistent.
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Hydrostatic gradient (Ph): Freshwater: ~0.433 psi/ft. Brine: ~0.45–0.47 psi/ft.
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The app does not require a specific unit system; however, all inputs must be internally consistent. Use our app for units conversion if needed.
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Shale Filtering: Defines which data points are considered shale for NCT estimation.
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GR Cutoff: Identifies shale (e.g., GR > 75 API).
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Other Log Filter: Optional secondary filter (e.g., caliper, density).
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Smoothing (pts): Number of data points used to smooth the shale DT curve.
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Normal Compaction Trend (NCT): Defines expected DT behavior under normal compaction.
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Mode:
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Auto: Estimated from shale intervals within the selected depth range and Gamma Ray cutoff.
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Manual: User defines slope and intercept
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CT Top / CT Bottom: Depth interval used to compute the trend
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CT Slope / CT Intercept: Linear trend parameters. Automatically generated slope and intercept can be modified when switched to manual mode.
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Calibration & Display:
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Number of Calibration Points: Allows up to 5 depth-pressure pairs used to anchor modeled pressure.
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Units (Pressure / Gradient): Defines how calibration values are entered:
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Pressure → user inputs pore pressure (Pp)
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Gradient → user inputs pressure gradient
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Enforce DT ≥ NCT: Prevents unrealistic compaction behavior by ensuring the shale DT is greater than the normal compaction trend.
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Assumptions:
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Overpressure is primarily driven by undercompaction, and deviations from the normal compaction trend (NCT) reflect pore pressure changes.
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The Eaton method is applied to mechanically compacting shale-dominated intervals, where DT tracks porosity.
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Vertical stress is approximated using a constant gradient, and pressure is derived consistently with depth.
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Shale intervals used to define the NCT are representative, based on Gamma Ray logs and optional filters.
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The method is less reliable for fluid expansion (including organic-rich shales), tectonic loading, diagenesis/cementation, or fracture-controlled systems. It can still be applied in these cases, but careful calibration is critical.
Output:
Plots:
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GR log, extra log for shale selection, thresholds applied to GR and extra log, highlighted zones used for NCT.
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Measured DT, Shale-filtered DT, NCT (dashed).
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Pressures: Overburden (Sv), hydrostatic (Ph), pore pressure (Pp), calibration points, pressure gradients, calibration curve, calibration points.
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Plot interaction: Click on any legend item to toggle the visibility of the corresponding curve. This allows you to isolate individual logs or pressure curves when they overlap.
Export:
CSV with depth, Sv, Ph, Pp, DT shale, and Pp gradient.
Privacy & data handling: The app runs entirely in your browser. It does not access any data on your local drive other than the file you explicitly select. No data is uploaded, stored, or shared anywhere. For more information, see our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.
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